We demonstrated that operando neutron measurements can allow for understanding of how materials behave throughout operational engineering devices. The dynamic temporal response of the lattice strain change during transient operation was resolved in two locations by asynchronous stroboscopic neutron diffraction. A modified commercial generator engine was mounted in the VULCAN diffractometer at the Spallation Neutron Source, and the lattice strains in both the cylinder block and head were measured under static nonfiring conditions as well as steady state and cyclic transient operation. In this work, we demonstrate operando lattice strain measurement of internal combustion engine components by neutron diffraction. Engineering neutron diffraction can nondestructively and noninvasively probe stress, strain, temperature, and phase evolutions deep within bulk materials.
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